STASIS IN THE FOSSIL RECORD
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The Bighorn Basin in Wyoming |
One of the clearest features of the fossil record is that living things
have undergone no observed changes during the geological periods. However
a living species first appears in the fossil record, so it maintains exactly
the same structure until it disappears-or over tens of millions, or even
hundreds of millions of years until it reaches the present day, experiencing
no changes in the meantime. This is clear proof that living things never
undergo any evolution.
One of the first people to announce this truth is the American paleontologist
and natural historian, Stephen Jay Gould, one of the 20th century's best-known
evolutionist authorities. In 1970 Gould wrote the following about two
most distinguishing features of the fossil record:
The history of most fossil species include two features particularly
inconsistent with gradualism:
1) Stasis
- most species exhibit no directional change during their tenure on earth.
They appear in the fossil record looking much the same as when they disappear;
morphological change is usually limited and directionless;
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A 25-million-year-old termite
fossil |
2)Sudden
appearance - in any local area, a species does not arise gradually
by the steady transformation of its ancestors; it appears all at once
and "fully formed."196
In the years that followed, Gould admitted that he accepted the stasis
observed in the fossil record. In a paper in Natural History magazine
in 1993, he wrote:
The stasis, or nonchange, of most fossil species
during their lengthy geological lifespans was tacitly acknowledged by
all paleontologists, but almost never studied explicitly because prevailing
theory treated stasis as uninteresting nonevidence for nonevolution. Evolution
was defined as gradual transformation in extended fossil sequences, and
the overwhelming prevalence of stasis became an embarrassing feature of
the fossil record, best left ignored as a manifestation of nothing (that
is, nonevolution).197
In their book The Myths of Evolution, Ian Tattersall and Miles Eldredge,
both well-known paleontologists, described how the stasis in the fossil
record conflicted with the assumptions of Darwinism:
Paleontologists just were not seeing the expected changes in their
fossils as they pursued them up through the rock record . . . That individual
kinds of fossils remain recognizably the same throughout the length of
their occurrence in the fossil record had been known to paleontologists
long before Darwin published his Origin. Darwin himself, . . . prophesied
that future generations of paleontologists would fill in these gaps by
diligent search . . . One hundred and twenty years of paleontological
research later, it has become abundantly clear that the fossil record
will not confirm this part of Darwin's predictions. Nor is the problem
a miserably poor record. The fossil record simply shows that this prediction
is wrong.
The observation that species
are amazingly conservative and static entities throughout long periods
of time has all the qualities of the emperor's new clothes; everyone
knew it but preferred to ignore it. Paleontologists, faced with a recalcitrant
record obstinately refusing to yield Darwin's predicted pattern, simply
looked the other way.198
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A COMPLETE PRESENT-DAY SQUIRREL
(picture 1)
IMAGINARY TRANSITIONAL FORMS, WHICH EVOLUTIONISTS MAINTAIN SHOULD
EXIST, BUT WHICH ARE NOWHERE TO BE FOUND IN THE FOSSIL RECORD (pictures
2-4)
A COMPLETE PRESENT-DAY BAT (picture 5) |
There are countless examples of this stability. For instance, the Bighorn
Basin in Wyoming contains 5-million-year-old fossil beds going back to
the first periods of mammals. The fossil record here is so rich that paleontologists
expected to find transitional forms in the fossils there that would demonstrate
the evolutionary process. Yet their hopes were all in vain. It was realized
that the species they suggested had evolved from one another in fact all
appeared in the same periods. It was seen that "The known fossil record
is not, and never has been, in accord with gradualism."199
Furthermore, species remained stable, with no changes, over the millions
of years until they disappeared from the record.
According to the claims of the theory of evolution, however, in order
for species to be able to evolve from one another, they need to be in
a constant state of change. For example, in order for a rodent to turn
into a bat or a whale, it must exhibit minute, gradual changes over very
long periods of time. In order for a rodent to acquire new characteristics,
these gradual changes have to take place over an exceedingly long time
frame. Over this period of time, there should be many transitional forms
that should leave millions of fossils behind them. Yet there is no trace
of living things with transitional form features in the fossil record.
The fossil rodents discovered are all creatures with full and distinguishing
features, just like bats and whales, and are found fully formed.
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(1) Above, a roughly 135-million-year-old
Echinoderm (starfish) fossil, and a living specimen
(2) 355 to 295-million-year-old spider fossils, right, and a present-day
spider
(3) Unchanged for 50 million years, the bat is another piece of evidence
that undermines the theory of evolution. The well-known evolutionist
scientist Jeff Hecht expresses this fact thus: ". . . the origins
of bats have been a puzzle. Even the earliest bat fossils, from about
50 million years ago, have wings that closely resemble those of modern
bats."
(4) A 140-million-year-old horseshoe crab and a living present-day
specimen
(5) Below, an approximately 210-million-year-old boned fish fossil,
and a present-day specimen
(6) Left, a 300-million-year-old Trionyx (tortoise) fossil, and a
present-day tortoise
(7) Above, an approximately 300-million-year-old water scorpion fossil
from the Later Carboniferous Period, and a present-day specimen
(8) Below, a crab fossil approximately 55 to 35 millions year old,
, and a present-day crab |
Niles Eldredge and Ian Tattersall admit the absence of transitional forms
in the fossil record-and although it is well known to evolutionist paleontologists,
but that they just ignore it:
Darwin himself . . . prophesied that future generations
of paleontologists would fill in these gaps by diligent search. . .
. One hundred and twenty years of paleontological research later, it
has become abundantly clear that the fossil record will not confirm
this part of Darwin's predictions. Nor is the problem a miserably poor
record. The fossil record simply shows that this prediction is wrong.
200
The fossil record can be seen to refute the theory of evolution in every
regard. A separate, noteworthy point that Eldredge makes is how studies
that show that species do not change in the fossil record, but rather
remain entirely stable, are not published and are described as "unsuccessful."
Evolutionists are highly experienced at hiding away evidences against
the theory of evolution, not just with regard to fossils but in other
relevant branches of science, and at misleading society with biased interpretations.
This method, a familiar one among evolutionists, can be seen between the
lines of Eldredge's words.
Despite being an evolutionist publication, Focus magazine in its April
2003 edition, which dealt with the coelacanth, referred to species like
that fish, which have remained unchanged over millions of years:
The discovery that a creature
as large as the Cœlacanth had lived for so many years outside the
knowledge of the scientific world led to its attracting a great deal
of interest. Yet there are a very large number of organisms which, like
the Cœlacanth, are identical to fossils remaining from millions
of years ago. For example, the Neopilina, a species of crustacean, has
remained unchanged for 500 million years, the scorpion for 430 million
years, the Limulus, a marine creature with armour and a sword-like tail,
for 225 million years, and the Tuatara, a species of reptile living
in New Zealand, for 230 million years. Many arthropods, crocodiles,
turtles and many species of plant are other components of this growing
list.201
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Fossilized plants millions of year old and
examples of these fossils living today are proof that these plants
never underwent any evolution. These species have remained unchanged
for millions of years.
(1) Above, Pecopteris miltani, a plant which lived 290 to 365 million
years ago. A similar present-day plant called Dryopteris filix-mas.
These plants, which have come down to the present unchanged after
hundreds of millions of years are among the most important pieces
of evidence refuting the theory of evolution.
(2) A 350-million-year-old fossil of the marsh plant Asterophyllites
grandis and a similar present-day plant.
(3) The present-day tree known as Cryptomenia japonica is identical
to its 300-million-year-old fossil counterpart.
(4) Above, a fossil of the present-day oak tree Quercus hispanica
which grew some 145 million years ago.
(5) Alepthopteris
A roughly 350-million-yea- old fossil and a present-day specimen |
Focus openly admits the blow dealt by these fossils to the theory of
evolution:
Looked at from the evolutionary perspective, the probability of
organisms such as these undergoing mutation is much higher than that
of others. Because every new generation means the copying of DNA. Bearing
in mind the number of times the copying process takes place over millions
of years, a very interesting picture emerges. In theory, various elements
of pressure such as changing environmental conditions, hostile species
and competition between species should lead to natural selection, the
selection of species advantaged by mutation, and for these species to
undergo greater change over such a long period of time. YET THE FACTS
ARE OTHERWISE. Let us consider cockroaches, for example. These reproduce
very quickly and have short life spans, yet they have remained the same
for approximately 250 million years. Archaeobacteria are an even more
striking example. These emerged 3.5 billion years ago, when the Earth
was still very hot, and are still alive today in the boiling waters
in Yellowstone National Park.202
The fact that living fossils such as the coelacanth have remained unchanged
between the day they first appeared and the present is compatible not
with evolution-which mandates constant change-but with the fact of creation,
which reveals that species are individually created and have come down
unchanged to our own time. Living fossils are all proofs of creation.
God has created all the millions of living species in a miraculous manner.
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