kdpjd; - Fuq;F xw;Wik vd;gJ fl;Lf;fij

,d;W KOikahf mwpag;gl;l kdpjd; kw;Wk; Fuq;fpd; kugZ tiug;glk; kdpjDf;Fk; Fuq;fpw;Fk; ,ilapYs;s njhlh;ig Vw;W nfhs;stpy;iy. ,g;Gjpa tpQ;Qhd Kd;Ndw;wj;ij ghpzhk tsh;r;rpia Mjhpg;gth;fs; epuhfhpf;f Kw;wgLtij fz;L ahUk; Vkhe;J tpl $lhJ.

rkPg fhyj;jpy; kdpj kugZ Ma;tpd; mbg;gilapy; ngwg;gl;l kdpj kugZ tiug;glj;jpd; KbTfs; tpQ;Qhdj;jpy; kpfg;ngUk; jpUg;G Kidia Vw;gLj;jpaJ. ,Ug;gpDk; ,e;j Ma;tpy; ngwg;gl;l rpy KbTfis rpy ehj;jpf ntspaPLfspy; kiwj;Js;sd. cjhuzkhf rpk;gd;rpapd; kugZTf;Fk; kdpj kugZTf;Fk; ,ilapy; 98 tPjk; xw;Wik fhzg;gLtjhfTk;> mjdhy; Fuq;FfSf;Fk; kdpjDf;F ,ilapy; neUq;fpa njhlh;Gfs; ,Ug;gjhf thjpLfpd;wdh;. cz;ikapy; ,J ngha;ahd thjkhFk;. ,e;j tplak; rk;ge;jkhf rpwpjsT mwpT nfhz;l kf;fs;plk; ,ij $wp ghpzhk tsh;r;rpia Mjhpg;gth;fs; gadile;J nfhs;fpd;wdh;.

98 tPj xw;Wik vd;w jtwhd gpur;rhuk;

Kjypy>; kdpj kw;Wk; rpk;gd;rpapd; kugZf;fs; 98 tPjk; xw;Wik ,Ug;gjhf $wg;gLtJ kpfg;ngUk; ngha;ahFk;.

kdpj kw;Wk; rpk;gd;rpapd; kugZ tiuglq;fspy; 98 tPj xw;Wik fhzg;gLtjhf nrhy;tnjd;why; kdpjid Nghd;W rpk;gd;rpapdJk; kugZf;fis KOikahd tiug;glkhf ngwNtz;Lk;. gpd;G ,uz;ilAk; xg;gpl;L> KbTfis ngwNtz;Lk;. cz;ikapy; mt;thwhd ve;j KbTfSk; ,Jtiu ,y;iy.> Vnddpy; kdpj kugZ tiug;glk; kl;LNk KOikahf ngwg;gl;Ls;sd. rpk;gd;rpapy; mt;thwhd Ma;Tfs; eil ngwtpy;iy.

cz;ikapy;> kdpj kw;Wk; Fuq;fpd; 98 tPj kugZ xw;Wik vd;gJ rpy fhyq;fSf;F Kd;G gpur;rhuj;jpw;fhf  Ntz;Lnkd;Nw cUthf;fg;gl;l xU thjkhFk;. kdpjd; kw;Wk; Fuq;fpd; mkpNdh mrpbd; thpirapYs;s 30-40 tiuapyhd mbg;gil Gujq;fspd; fhzg;gLk; ,e;j xw;Wikia kpfg;ngUksT kpifg;gLj;jp fhl;Lfpwhh;fs;. "DNA hybridization" vd;W miof;fgLk; Kiwapy; kugZ thpirapYs;s ,e;j Gujq;fis KOikahf Muhahky; rpy Fwpg;gpl;l mstpshd Gujq;fis kl;LNk xg;gpl;Ls;shh;fs;

,Ug;gpDk; kdpjdpy; 100 Mapuk; kugZf;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd mjdhy; mq;F 100 Mapuk; Gujq;fs; kugZ FwpaPLfshf fhz;gLfpwJ. ,jd; fhuzkhf> 100.000 Gujq;fspy; 40 Gujq;fspy; kl;Lk; fhzg;gLk; xw;Wikfis itj;J nfhz;L kdpj kw;Wk; Fuq;fpd; kugZf;fs; 98 tPjk; xw;WikahdJ vd;W $WtJ tpQ;Qhd mbg;gilapy; gpioahFk;.

kWGwj;jpy;> me;j 40 Gujq;fspy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l kugZ xg;gPl;L Ma;TfSk; rh;irf;FwpajhFk;. 1987 k; Mz;L rpg;Ns kw;Wk; m`;y;Ftp];l; (Sibley and Ahlquist) Mfpa ,uz;L caphpashsh;fshy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l ,e;j xg;gPl;L Ma;it Journal of Molecular Evolution. (v.26 pp. 99-1212)  vd;w rQ;rpif ntspapl;lJ.

,Ug;gpDk; ,e;j ,uz;L tpQ;QhdpfshYk; ntspaplg;gl;l juTfis> rhhpf; (Sarich) vd;w kw;nwhU tpQ;Qhdp Muha;e;J mth;fs; Nkw;nfhz;l Muha;r;rp Kiw rh;irf;FwpaJ vd;Wk; juTfs; kpifg;gLj;jp ntspaplg;gl;Ls;sd vd;W $Wfpwhh;. (Sarich et al, 1989, Cladisticts 5:3-32).

lhf;lh; nlhd; ngl;ld; (Dr. Don Batten) vd;w kw;nwhU caphpayhsh;> ,e;j tplaj;ij Muha;e;J kdpj kw;Wk; Fuq;FfSf;F ,ilapyhd xw;Wik 96.2 tPjNk jtpu 98 tPjk; my;y vd;W $Wfpwhh; (CEN, 19(1); 21-22 December 1996-February 1997)

GOf;fs;> nfhRf;fs; kw;Wk; Nfhopfspd; kugZf;Fk; kdpj kugZf;Fk; ,ilNa xw;Wik fhzg;gLfpwJ

NkNy $wg;gl;l mbg;gil Gujq;fs; Vida caphpdq;fspYk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. xNu tpjkhd Guj thpirfs; rpk;gd;rpapy; kl;Lk; fhzg;gltpy;iy> khwhf tpj;jpahrkhd caphpdq;fspYk;> kdpjDf;F xg;ghf cs;sJ.

cjhuzkhf> kdpjDf;Fk; nek;Nlhl; GOf;fSf;Fk; kdpjDf;Fk; ,ilapy; 78 tPj kugZ xw;Wik ,Ug;gjhf New Scientist  vd;w rQ;rpif ntspapl;Ls;sJ. (New Scientist, 15 May 1999, p.27).

,jdbg;gilapy; kdpjDf;Fk; GOf;fSf;Fk; ,ilapy; 25 tPj Ntw;WikfNs cs;sd vd;gJ ,jd; mh;j;;jky;y. ghpzhk tsh;r;rp Nfhl;ghl;lhsh;fs; tiue;Js;s FLk;g tiug;glj;jpy;> kdpjid cs;slf;fpa Nrhh;Nllh igyk; (Chordata phylum) FLk;gj;jpw;Fk; nek;Nlhlh FLk;gj;jpw;Fk; (Nematoda phylum) ,ilapy; fhzg;gLk; NtWghL 530 kpy;ypad; tUlq;fshFk;.

JUf;fpa ntspaPLfspy; ntspaplg;gl;l kw;nwhU Ma;tpy;> bnuhN]hgpyh tifia (Drosophila species) Nrh;e;j gUl; gpis (fruit fly) vd;w G+r;rpapd; kugZ kw;Wk; kdpj kugZtpw;F ,ilapy; 60 tPj xw;Wik ,Ug;gjhf Ma;Tfs; $Wfpd;wd. (Hürriyet, 24 February 2000)

kw;nwhU Ma;tpy; kdpj Gujq;fSf;Fk; rpy tpj;jpahrkhd caphpdq;fSf;Fk; ,ilapy; neUq;fpa xw;Wik ,Ug;gjhf njhpate;Js;sJ. Nfk;gphpl;[; gy;fiyfof Muha;rpahsh;fs; rpy jiu tho; caphpdq;fis Ma;T nra;jdh;. mjpy; tpag;ghd nra;jp vd;dntd;why;> kdpjDk; NfhopAk; kpf neUq;fpa cwtpdh;fshf ,Ug;gJ fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mLj;j neUq;fpa cwthf Kjiy fhzg;gLfpwJ. (New Scientist v.103, 16 August 1984, p.19)

ghpzhk tsh;r;rp nfhs;ifia Mjhpg;gth;fs; 'kdpj kw;Wk; Fuq;F kugZ xw;Wikia" epahag;gLj;j vLj;J fhl;Lk; kw;nwhU cjhuzk; rpk;gd;rp kw;Wk; Nfhhpy;yhtpy; fhzg;gLk; 48 FnuhNkhN]hk;fSk; kdpjdpy; fhzg;gLk; 46 FnuhNkhN]hk;fSkhFk;. ,t;thW FnuhNkhN]hk;fspd; vz;zpf;ifapy; neUf;fkhf ,Ug;gJ ghpzhk tsh;r;rpia Rl;b;f;fhl;Ltjhf thjpLfpwhh;fs;. ,Ug;gpDk;> ghpzhk tsh;r;rp nfhs;ifia Mjhpg;gth;fspd; ,e;j jh;f;f hPjpahd thjk; cz;ik vd;why; rpk;gd;rpia tpl kdpjDf;F neUq;fpa cwT xd;W cs;sJ. mJ jhd; fpoq;F!!!!. fhuzk; fpoq;fpdJk; kdpjdJk; FnuhNkhN]hk;fspd; vz;zpf;if msT 46.

,e;j cjhuzq;fs; %yk; ghpzhk nfhs;if gpd;gw;Wgth;fspd; kugZ xw;Wik vd;w thjq;fs; ghpzhk tsh;r;rpia ep&gpf;f NghJjkhd rhd;whf nfhs;sKbahJ. ,jw;;F fhuzk; ghpzhk nfhs;ifthjpfs; $Wtij Nghd;W kugZtpy; xw;Wik fhzg;gltpy;iy> khwhf mit vjph; khw;wkhd KbTfisNa jUfpd;wd.

kugZ xw;Wik ghpzhk jpl;lj;ij Fog;GfpwJ.

,e;j tplak; KOikahf Muhag;gLk; NghJ ',urha caphpay; xw;Wikfs;"; vd;w tplak; ghpzhk tsh;r;rpf;F rhd;whf nfhs;s KbahJ vd;gJk; mJ ,e;j nfhs;ifia ghjsj;jpw;F js;Sk; vd;gJk; njspthf GhpAk;. njw;F fNuhypdh gy;fiyfoj;jpd; kUj;Jt Jiwia Nrh;e;j ,urha caphpay; Muha;r;rpahsh; Nrh;e;j lhf;lh; fpwp];bad; ];thNg> %yf;$W mikg;gpy; ghpzhkj;jpw;fhf rhd;Wfis ngw;W nfhs;syhk; vd;w Nehf;fpy; gy tUlq;fis Muha;r;rpapy; nrytpl;Ls;shh;. mth; ,d;Rypd; hpnyf;]pd; tif Gujq;fis Muha;e;J caphpdq;fSf;F ,ilNa njhlh;ig Vw;gLj;j Kaw;rpj;jhh;. ,Ug;gpDk;> mtuJ Ma;tpy; xUNghJk; ghpzhk njhlh;Gila rhd;Wfis ngwtpy;iy vd;W gyKiw $wpAs;shh;. rapd;]; vd;w rQ;rpifapy; mth; xU fl;Liu vOjpAs;shh;. mjpy; :

ghpzhk tsh;r;rp njhlh;Gfs; rk;ge;jkhd Ma;Tfspy; kw;iwa Ma;T Kiwis tpl %yf;$W ghpzhkk; vd;w Kiw rpwe;jhf gyh; Vw;W nfhs;fpd;wdh;. %yf;$W ghpzhk Ma;thsh; vd;w Kiwapy; ehd; ngUik nfhs;fpNwd;. ,Ug;gpDk; %yf;$W mikg;gpy; Muhag;gl;l NghJ caphdq;fspd; xOq;FgLj;jg;gl;l Kd;Ndw;wq;fs; rpy tpjptpyf;Ffs; ,Ug;gJ Fog;GfpwJ. mjdhy; ehd; tpjptpyf;Ffs; vd;W epidf;Fk; rpy cz;ikfs; rpy Kf;fpa nra;jpfis nfhz;L fhzg;glyhk;. (Christian Schwabe, "On the Validity of Molecular Evolution", Trends in Biochemical Sciences. V.11, July 1986)

rkPgj;jpy; ngwg;gl;l %yf;$W caphpaiy mbg;gilahf nfhz;L> gpugy ,urhadtpashsh; Nguhrpah; ikf;fy; nld;ld; ,t;thW $Wfpwhh;:

%yf;$wpd; xt;nthU epiyAk; jdpj;JtkhdJ> jdpikahdJ> eLj;jufh;fs; ,d;wp njhlh;gw;wJ. MfNt gbkq;fis Nghd;W %yf;$WfSk;; ghpzhk caphpayhy; ePz;l fhykhf vjph;ghh;f;fg;gl;l ,ilg;gl;litfis jutpy;iy. ... %yf;$W epiyapy; ve;j xU ghfj;ijAk; mjd; cwtpdh;fSld; xg;gpl;L mitfis '%jhijah;" vd;Nwh 'gioait" my;yJ 'Kd;Ndw;wkile;jJ" vdNwh nrhy;y KbahJ. ..........fle;j E}w;whz;by; ,e;j %yf;$W rhd;Wfs; ,Ue;jpUe;jhy;......... caphpay; ghpzhkk; vd;w fUj;J Vw;fg;gl;bUf;fhJ. (Michael Denton, Evolution; A Theory in Crisis, London; Burnett Books 1985 pp.290-291)

xw;Wik vd;gJ ghpzhkj;jpw;Fwpa rhd;wy;y khwhf mit gilg;gpw;FwpaJ

kw;w caphpdq;fis Nghd;W kdpj clYk; rpy %yf;$W xw;Wikfis nfhz;bUg;gJ ,aw;ifahd xd;whFk;. fhuzk; mit midj;Jk; xNu %yf;$w;wpypUe;J cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mit midj;Jk; xNu jz;zPiuAk; #oiyAk; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wd. mit midj;Jk; xNu tifahd %yf;$Wfis nfhz;l czTfis cl;nfhs;fpd;wd. epr;rakhf> ,urhad khw;wq;fSk; kugZf;fSk; xdW kw;waij gpujpgypf;Fk; tpjkhf cs;sJ. MfNt ,itfis nfhz;L midj;jpw;Fk; nghJthd %jhijah; vd;W $wKbahJ.

,e;j 'nghJthd nghUs;" vd;gJ ghpzhkj;jpd; tpisT fhuzky;y. khwhf 'nghJthd tbtikg;ghFk;";. mit midj;Jk; xNu jpl;lj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

,e;j tplaj;ij xU cjhuzk; nfhz;L tpsf;fyhk;. cyfpYs;s midj;J fl;blq;fSk; nghJthd nghUl;fis (nrq;fs;> ,Uk;G> rPnke;J kw;Wk; gy) nfhz;L fl;lg;gl;Ls;sd. ,jd; fhuzkhf ,e;j fl;blq;fs; xd;wpypUe;J kw;iwaJ Njhd;wpaJ vd;W nrhy;y KbahJ. mitfs; xNu %yg;nghUl;fis nfhz;L ntt;Ntwhf fl;lg;gl;ld. ,Nj cz;ikia caphpdq;fSf;Fk; nghUe;Jk;.

ghpzhk tsh;r;rp nfhs;if $Wtij Nghd;W caph;fs; jw;nrayhf Njhd;wtpy;iy> khwhf mit vy;iyaw;w mwpTk;> QhdKk>; ty;yikAs;s ,iwtdhy; gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.