gpugQ;rj;jpd; Njhw;wk; - The BigBang

20k; E}w;whz;L tiu gpugQ;rk; mjd; epiw kw;Wk; mstpy; vy;yaw;wJ vd;Wk; mjw;F Muk;gKk; KbTk; ,y;iy vdw fUj;J epytpaJ. MfNt ,f; Nfhl;ghl;il 'epue;ju gpugQ;r jpl;lk;' (Static Universe Model) vd;W mioj;jdh;.

ehj;jpf jj;Jtq;fSf;F mbj;jskpl;l ,f;Nfhl;ghL ,iwtid kWj;jNjhL gpugQ;rk; epiyahd khw;wkilahj nghUl;fspd; Ftpay;fshy; MdJ vd;W thjpl;lJ. mjhtJ gpugQ;rj;jpw;F Muk;gKk; KbTk; ,y;iy vd;W thjpl;lJ. ,Ug;gpDk; 20k; E}w;whz;by; tpQ;QhdKk; njhopEl;gKk; mile;j khngUk; tsh;r;rpapd; fhuzkhf epue;ju gpugQ;r jpl;lk; vd;w ehj;jpf Nfhl;ghL Fg;igapy; J}f;fpnawpag;gl;lJ.

ehk; Gjpa rpe;jidAld; 21k; E}w;whz;by; fhyb itj;Js;Nshk;. gpugQ;rj;jpw;F xU Muk;gk; ,Ue;jJ vd;Wk; mJ xU ngUk; ntbg;gpd; %yk; xd;Wkpy;yhj epiyapypUe;J cUthdJ vd;Wk; gy;NtWtifahd Ma;TfisAk;> mtjhdpg;GfisAk; Nkw;nfhz;l cyf Gfo;ngw;w rpe;jidahsh;fSld; Nrh;e;J etPd ngsjPftpaYk; $WfpwJ. NkYk; ,g;gpugQ;rk; epiyahdJ vd;W ehj;jpfh;fs; gpbthjkhf Nghuhba NghjpYk; mth;fspd; fUj;Jfs; tpQ;Qhdj;jpw;F vjpuhidit vdW jpl;ltl;lkhf ep&gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

mjw;F khw;wkhf gpugQ;rk; njhlh;e;J mire;J khw;wkile;J tphptile;J nry;fpwJ vd;w nfhs;if Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ rkPgj;jpy; ep&gpf;fg;gl;l ,j;jifa cz;ikfs; epue;ju gpugQ;r jpl;lk; itf;fg;gl;Ls;s rtg;ngl;bapy; miwagl;l Mzpfshf fUjg;gLfpd;wd. ,d;W ,t; midj;J cz;ikfisAk; tpQ;Qhd cyfk; Vw;Wf;nfhz;Ls;sJ.

gpugQ;rj;jpd; Muk;gk; gw;wp my;FH;Md; gpd;tUk; trdj;jpd; %yk; tpsf;FfpwJ

(mtd); thdq;fisAk;> G+kpiaAk; Kd; khjphpapd;wpg; gilj;jtd;. (Fh;Md; 6:101)

,f;$w;W ,d;iwa etPd tpQ;Qhdj;NjhL Kw;wpYk; cld;gLfpwJ.. ,d;W fpilf;fg;ngw;Ws;s Astrophysics vDk; tpz; ,aw;gpaypd; KbTfspd; gb gpugQ;rkhdJ Kd;dH; gjhH;j;jj;jpdJk; (matter)> fhyj;jpdJk; (time)> gupkhzk; ,ize;jjhfNt fhzg;gl;lJ. gpd;dH vg;NghNjh Vw;gl;l xU ngUk; ntbg;gpd; %yk; KOg;gpugQ;rKk; Njhw;wk; ngw;wJ. ,e;epfo;thdJ "ngUntbg;G" (The Big Bang) vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ. ,f;Nfhl;ghL gpugQ;rkhdJ xd;Wkpy;yhj xU epiyapypUe;J Njhd;wpaij Rl;bf;fhl;LfpwJ. gpugQ;rj;jpd; Njhw;wg;ghL Fwpj;J tpsf;Ffpd;w xNu Nfhl;ghlhf "ngUntbg;Gf; Nfhl;ghl;il" jhd; ,d;iwa etPd tpQ;Qhdk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. Rkhh; 15 gpy;ypad; Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dh; xU Gs;spapypUe;J gpugQ;rk; cUthdJ vd;gij midj;J tpQ;Qhd gphpTfSk; Vw;W nfhz;Ls;sd.

ngUntbg;Gf;F Kd;dH; "gjhHj;jk;" (matter) vd;w xU nghUs; fhzg;gltpy;iy. ,y;yhik (nothingness) vd;w ,e; epiyapy; gjhh;j;jNkh (matter)> rf;jpNah (energy)> Fiwe;jJ fhyNkh (time) fhzg;gltpy;iy. mjPj ngsjPftpaypd; (metaphysics) tpsf;fj;jjpd;gb> gjhHj;jk;> rf;jp> fhyk; ahTk; mg;NghJ ,Uf;ftpy;iy. ,e;j cz;ikahdJ etPd ngsjPftpaypdhy; rpy tUlq;fSf;F Kd;dh; jhd; fz;Lgpbf;f Kbe;j NghjpYk; my; FHMd; 1400 tUlq;fSf;F Kd;dNu ,jidf; Fwpg;gpl;lJ.

tphptilAk; gpugQ;rk;

1400 tUlq;fSf;F Kd;dh; thdpay; vd;why; vd;dntd;Nw njhpahj mf;fhyg;gFjpapy; gpugQ;rk; tpuptile;J nry;tij gw;wp my;Fu;Md; ,t;thW Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.

thdj;ij typik kpf;fjhf gilj;;Njhk;; epr;rakhf ehk; tphptila nra;Ak; Mw;wYilatuhNthk;. (Fh;Md; 51:47)

,t; trdj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s ']khc" vd;w nrhy;yhdJ Fu;Mdpd; gy ,lq;fspy; ntsp> gpugQ;rk; vd;w fUj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,t;trdj;jpYk; mf;fUj;jpNyNa gad;gLj;jg;gl;L;s;sJ. mjhtJ gpugQ;rk; tpuptile;J nry;fpwJ vDk; fUj;ij jUfpwJ. ,J ,d;iwa etPd tpQ;Qhdk; $Wfpd;w jPu;f;fkhd KbthFk;. ',d;dh y %rpCdh" vd;w muG %yj;jpd; jkpo; nkhopngah;g;G 'mij ehNk cWjpahf tphptila nra;Ak; Mw;wYilatuhNthk;" vd;gjhFk;. ,J 'mt;rh" - 'tphptiljy;" vd;w tpidnrhy;ypUe;J te;jjhFk;. ,q;F gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s 'yh" vd;w Kw;Nrh;f;if ngUksT vd;w fUj;ij jUfpwJ. ,jdbg;gilapy; ';ehk; ,e;j gpugQ;rj;ij ngUksT tphpthf;fpAs;Nshk;"; vd;gJ ,jd; fUj;jhFk;. ,e;j Kbitjhd; tpQ;Qhdk; ,d;W mile;Js;sJ. 1

"gpugQ;rkhdJ xU khwh ,ay;GilaJk; mwpaKbahj Muk;gj;ijf; nfhz;lJTk; MFk;" vd;gNj 20k; E}w;whz;bd; Muk;gk; tiu md;iwa tpQ;Qhdk; Vw;Wf;nfhz;l xNu fUj;jhf ,Ue;jJ. vdpDk;> etPd njhopEl;gq;fspd; cjtpia nfhz;L Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l Ma;TfspdJk; mtjhdq;fspdJk; KbthdJ> "gpugQ;rj;jpw;F Muk;gk; ,Ue;jJ> NkYk; mJ njhlu;rpahf tpuptile;J nry;fpwJ" vd;gjhFk;.

20k; E}w;whz;bd; Muk;gj;jpy; u\;a ngsjPftpashsu; mnyf;]hd;lh; gphPl;Nkd; (Alexander Friedmann) vd;gtUk; ngy;[pa gpugQ;rtpayhsuhd N[hh;[]; Nykhl;Nu (Georges Lemaître) vd;gtUk; "gpugQ;rk; njhlu;r;rpahd ,af;fj;ij nfhz;Ls;sJld; njhlu;e;J tpuptile;J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ" vd;w fUj;ij Nfhl;ghllhf Kd;itj;jdh;.

,t;Tz;ikahdJ 1929k; Mz;L Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l kw;nwhU mtjhdpg;Gj; juTfs; (Observation) %yk; cWjpnra;ag;gl;lJ. mNkupf;f thdpayhsuhd vl;tpd; `g;s; (Edwin Hubble) njhiyNehf;fpapD}lhf thid mtjhdpj;j NghJ el;rj;jpuq;fSk;> ghy;ntsp kz;lyq;fSk; (galaxies) njhlu;r;rpahf xd;wpdpypUe;J kw;waJ tpyfp nry;tij fz;Lgpbj;jhh.; ,f; fz;Lgpbg;G thdpay; tuyhw;wpy; ngUk; jpUg;G Kid vd;W fUjg;gLfpwJ.

,t;thW `g;gps; mtjhdpj;J nfhz;bUe;j NghJ el;rj;jpuq;fspypUe;J rpfg;G epw xsp tUtij fz;lhh;. ,jw;F fhuzk; thd; nghUspypUe;J ghh;it Gs;spia Nehf;fp tUk; xsp Cjh (violet) epwkhf ,Ue;jhy; mg;nghUs; mg;Gs;spia Nehf;fp tUfpwJ vd;Wk;> ghh;it Gs;spia Nehf;fp tUk; xsp rpfg;G (red) epwkhf ,Ue;jhy; mg;nghUs; ghh;it Gs;spia tpl;Lk; tpyfp nry;fpwJ vd;gJ ngsjPftpaypd; nghJthd tpjpahFk;. `g;gps; mtuJ mtjhdpg;gpd; NghJ el;rj;jpuq;fspypUe;J rpfg;G epwk; tUtij fz;lwpe;jhh;.

el;rj;jpuq;fSk; ghy;ntspkz;lyq;fSk; vk;ik tpl;L kl;Lk; tpyfp nry;ytpy;iy. khwhf mit xd;W kw;wajpypUe;Jk; tpyfp nry;fpwJ. RUq;f nrhy;tjhapd;> el;rj;jpuq;fs; nkd;NkYk; tpyfp nry;fpd;wd. gpugQ;rj;jpYs;s xt;nthU nghUSk; Vida nghUspypUe;J tpyfp nry;fpwJ vd;gjd; fUj;J gpugQ;rk; tphptile;J nry;fpwJ vd;gjhFk;. njhlh;e;J te;j tUlq;fspy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l fz;fhzpg;Gfs; (observations) gpugQ;rk; njhlh;e;J tphptilfpwJ vd;w fUj;ij cWjpg;gLj;jpaJ.

xU rpW cjhuzj;ij nfhz;L ,ij ed;F tpsq;fp nfhs;syhk;. ehk; ,e;j gpugQ;rj;ij fhw;W Cjg;gLk; xU gY}NdhL xg;gplyhk;. gY}d; NkYk; Cjg;gl;lhy; mjd; Nkw;gug;gpYs;s Gs;spfs; xd;wpypUe;J kw;waJ tpyfp nry;Yk;. mij Nghd;W gpugQ;rk; tphptilAk; NghJ thdpYs;s nghUl;fSk; xd;wpypUe;J kw;waJ tpyfp nry;fpwJ. 20k; E}w;whz;bd; jiyrpwe;j tpQ;Qhdpahf fUjg;gLk; my;gh;l; Id;];ild; (Albert Einstein) ,e;epfo;it Nfhl;ghl;L hPjpay; fz;Lgpbj;jhh;. ,Ug;gpDk; mf;fhyj;jpy; gutyhf Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l 'epue;ju gpugQ;r jpl;lj;" NjhL Nkhj tpUk;ghjjd; fhuzkhf jdJ fz;Lgpbg;ig ntspapltpy;iy. gpw;fhyj;jpy; ,e;epfo;it 'jdJ tho;tpd; ngUk; gpio" vd $wp tUjg;gl;lhh;. 2

njhiyNehf;fp vd;why; vd;d vd; mwpe;jpwhj fhyj;jpy;jhd; Fu;Md; ,t;Tz;ikiaj; njspTgLj;jpaJ. Vnddpy; Fu;Md; ,e;j KOg; gpugQ;rj;ijAk; gilj;J MSfpd;w ,iwtdpd; jpUtrdkhFk;.

gpugQ;rj;jpd; KbTk; ngUk; nehWf;F nfhs;ifAk; (THE BIG CRUNCH)

ehk; Kd;G Fwpg;gpl;lij Nghd;W gpugQ;rk; ngUk; ntbg;gpd; fhuzkhf Njhd;wpaJ. mt;ntbg;G ,lk;ngw;w ,lj;jpypUe;Nj gpugQ;rk; tphptile;J nry;fpwJ. ,g;gpugQ;rk; NghJkhd epiyia mile;jTld;> <h;g;G rf;jpapd; fhuzkhf ,t;tphpthf;fk; jilg;gl;L gpugQ;rj;jpYs;sitfs; xd;NwhL xd;W Nkhjpf;nfhs;Sk;. 3

,j;jhf;fj;jpd; fhuzkhf gpugQ;rk; kpfg;ngUk; ntg;gj;ij ntspapl;L tpl;L RUq;fptpLk;. ,e;epiyia ngUk; nehWf;F (Big Crunch) vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ. ,jd; %yk; midj;J caph;fSk; mope;J NghFk;. ];ld;Nghh;l; gy;fiyfofj;ij Nrh;e;j ngsjPftpay; Nguhrpah;fshd nudlh nfNyh\; (Renata Kallosh) kw;Wk; md;Nw ypd;Nl (Andrei Linde) Mfpa ,UtUk; ,e;j tplak; rk;ge;jkhf ,t;thW $Wfpwhh;fs;:

,g;gpugQ;rk; mope;J kiwe;J NghFk;. ehk; jw;NghJ ghh;j;J nfhz;bUg;gitfSk; kw;Wk; ehk; ghh;f;fhjitfSk; xU Nghh;Nlhd; (porton) tpl rpwpjhd mstpw;F mope;J NghFk;. ,e; epiyahdJ ePq;fs; fU titaj;jpw;F (black hole) cs;Ns ,Ug;gij Nghd;wjhFk;....................,e;j fUg;G rf;jp vjph; kiw rf;jpahf khw;wtiltjd; fhuzkhf gpugQ;rk; cWjpaw;wjhf khw;wkile;J> gpd;G mope;J tpLk; vd;gij ehk; fz;Lgpbj;Js;Nshk;. fUg;G rf;jp vjph; kiw rf;jpahf khw;wkilAk; vd;gJk; vjph; fhyj;jpy; gpugQ;rk; mopAk; vd;gJk; ngsjPftpashsh;fSf;F njhpAk;................ gpugQ;rj;jpd; tho;if rf;fuj;jpd; Muk;g epiyapy; ehk; ,y;iy> khwhf mjd; kj;jpa gFjpapy; ,Uf;fpNwhk;. 4

,t;thW jhd; Fh;MDk; $WfpwJ:

vOjg;gl;l VLfisr; RUl;Ltijg; Nghy; thdj;ij ehk; RUl;Lk; me;ehspy;> Kjy; gilg;ig ehk; Jtf;fpaJ Nghy; mjid kPz;Lk; epWTNthk;. ,J ekJ thf;FWjpahFk.; epr;rakf ehk; ,jid nra;Nthk;.
(Fh;Md; 21:104)

kw;nwhU trdj;jpy; thdj;jpd; epiyia gw;wp Fh;Md; ,t;thW $WfpwJ:

my;yh`;it mtdJ fz;zpaj;Jf;F Vw;g mtHfs; fz;zpag;gLj;jtpy;iy> kWik ehspy; G+kp KOtJk; mtdJ xU ifg; gpbf;Fs; mlq;Fk;. thdq;fs; mtdJ tyJ ifapy; RUl;lg; gl;bUf;Fk;. mtd; J}atd;. mtHfs; ,iz fw;gpg;gij tpl;Lk; mtd; cah;e;jtd;. (Fh;Md; 39:67)

,g;ngUk; nehWf;F nfhs;ifapd; gb> gpugQ;rj;jpd; mopT nkJthf Muk;gpj;J gbg;gbahf Ntfj;ij mjpfhpf;Fk;. ,e;j epfo;tpd; ,Wjpapy; gpugQ;rk; vy;iyaw;w mlh;j;jpahfTk;> vy;iyaw;w ntg;gkhfTk;> rpwpjhfTk; ,Uf;Fk;. ,t; tpQ;Qhd nfhs;if Fh;Mdpd; tpsf;fj;NjhL cld;gLfpwJ.